Who Will Welcome the Stranger?

In a back bedroom of the house where I grew up, the previous owners had glued to the wall a large, detailed map of coastal Southeast Louisiana, dated 1931. I loved to study the map to learn the names of all of the lakes, islands and bayous south of my home in New Orleans. Places of beauty and rich aquatic life, many were named by French or Creole settlers, or indigenous  peoples who have lived and fished there over the centuries. I was sad a few years ago when my mother had the room repainted and the map was stripped away. Tragically, the same thing has happened to much of the land it depicted. Over 2000 square miles has been stripped away by coastal erosion and sea level rise due to warming oceans. What was once named is now gone.

In Central Pennsylvania, with more subtle effects of climate change, we may not feel overly concerned by environmental crises, but if we’ve learned anything thing at all during the pandemic, it is how completely connected we all are. If something’s happening over there, it’s going to happen here, too. If there’s a disaster brewing in some faraway place, it’s going to have an impact on us, too.

One thing happening more and more is that people are moving away from hazardous areas which have been destroyed by wildfires in California or coastal flooding in the South, not to mention vulnerable areas throughout the world. People are moving. Many more will follow. Estimates place their numbers in the hundreds of millions by the middle of this century. A question that will become increasingly urgent is “where will all of these people go?” 

Just as is the case with people in Ukraine or other war-torn places of the world, people fleeing climate disasters do not want to abandon the homes they love, but the dangers they face give them no other choice. The Rev. Bati Kirata, a close friend of mine, lives in the Republic of Kiribati in the Central Pacific. His homeland is made up entirely of low lying, climate sensitive coral atolls. He told me, “We do not want to be refugees; we want to be productive citizens wherever we go.” And that day will come, when it is time for his grandchildren or perhaps even his children, to leave their home.

Migration is as old as human history. We find the stories in the Bible and the Quran.  Abram, an important figure for Christians, Jews, and Muslims, moves from his former home in Ur, then to Haran, and later to the land of Canaan. His descendant Joseph leads his family from Canaan to Egypt because of crop failure and widespread famine. A later generation will wander in the wilderness until God ushers them into a new land.

The Jewish people hold onto this memory of being without a home, forced to be on the move. Jewish law commands, “You shall love the alien as yourself, for you were aliens in the land of Egypt.” Jesus reminds Christians of this same obligation when he describes how the righteous will inherit the kingdom. “I was a stranger,” he said, “and you welcomed me.” 

People of good will and people of faith would do well to ask, “Are we ready to welcome the strangers, accept them, and help them find a place?  Can we offer not simply charity for refugees but allow them the dignity of participating in and contributing to our common good?”  These are not easy questions to answer. After all, immigration and migration are perhaps the most conflicted political challenges of our era. Nevertheless, it’s time to ask the questions, because so much is at stake for them, and for us all.

Let US Make the Human in OUR Image

When we look to the Bible for insights into our nature and purpose, we have an early and mysterious hint. In Genesis 1.26, God addresses an unidentified audience and says, “Let US make the human in OUR image.” To whom is God speaking?

God could be speaking to the animals (who were just recently created). The human will be a combination of godly and animal qualities—hence the words “us” and “our.” As we go through our lives, we feel the presence of both tendencies. We must attend to our physical realities, as well as our inclination for altruism, kindness, and holiness.

Another possibility is that God is speaking to the angels. Though we think of God as omnipresent—being everywhere at the same time, the ancients thought of God as a monarch residing in Heaven. To get things done in the world, God sends out agents or servants—called, in Hebrew, mal’achim. These angels are God’s representatives and workers in the world, and the Biblical interpretation suggests that we humans are created with some of their characteristics. Perhaps, this is why we innately feel the desire to do good.

Our Christian friends look at the passage, “Let us make the human in our image,” as a clear indication of Jesus’ presence at the right hand of God. The Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit are all together and discussing the creation of this new and very important creature.

Another perhaps even more profound interpretation comes from the Midrash. In Genesis Rabbah, a collection of Rabbinic teachings from 300-500 CE, we find this curious identification of God’s audience: “God was speaking to the Torah. God consulted the Torah as a builder consults a blueprint.” While we usually think of the Torah as the Five Books of Moses (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy), this analogy speaks of Torah in a more expansive sense. More than a collection of stories and laws, more than God’s rules for society and religion, it is the textual idealization of life and existence.

So often, we think of rules as restrictions or requirements superimposed upon our free lives by those in authority: parents, bosses, governmental authorities, God. Why cannot they just leave us alone?! However, if we are created from the “design specifications” in the Torah—from the idealized/Divine image we were designed to be, then the Scriptures are not God telling us what to do, but rather God informing us of ways we can live better.

A more modern analogy would be the Owner’s Manual for a car. When Honda tells me that my car works better on eighty-seven octane gas, it is not an authoritarian power play. Rather, it is advice about how to keep my car running well. I am free to put ninety-three octane gas or even orange juice in my gas tank, but Honda is advising me that my car will work better with the recommended fuel.

 Likewise, the many rules of Torah are what amounts to an Owner’s Manual for human life. We are created from Torah wisdom, and we run better when we follow those patterns. God’s word is not an authoritarian and artificial imposition; it is advice about our natural and best mode of operation.

God Consciousness

In Genesis 28, we read about a very interesting vision that the Patriarch Jacob dreams while camping out on the road to Haran. “He had a dream; a stairway was set on the ground and its top reached to the sky, and angels of God were going up and down on it.”  God is there, too. As Jacob explains, “Surely the Lord is present in this place, and I, I did not know it…How awesome is this place! This is none other than the abode of God, and that is the gateway to heaven!” (Genesis 28.16-17)

The Hebrew, however, is a little ambiguous about God’s exact position. The text says that God is standing alav, but the Hebrew word alav can mean either on top of or next to. Is God standing next to Jacob, or is God standing on top of Jacob?

A similar but slightly amusing question comes when this same word, alav, is used in the Talmudic instructions for Gerut/Conversion. The officiant is instructed to be in the mikvah (ritual bath) and stand alav the convert. Does this mean that the officiating Rabbi should be standing on the Convert’s back, holding him down in the water? Certainly not! Water safety and prudence suggest that the Talmud means standing next to. This is also probably the meaning of the Biblical narrator—which is why the modern Jewish Publication Society translation renders the phrase as, “The Lord was standing beside him.” Nonetheless, the thought that God is literally on top of Jacob can be psychologically and spiritually instructive.

When someone is on a task, he/she is focused on it. When someone feels that another is on him/her, there is a feeling of attention being paid. Whether for good (protection) or for bad (waiting for a misstep), the consciousness of being watched can be palpable. It is like the old country expression, like white on rice, suggesting a presence that is much more than coverage. The observer’s presence is so on top of someone that it becomes part of the observed’s identity.

If we read the passage literally—that God is on Jacob—like white on rice, perhaps this could be a way of describing what some modern mystics call God Consciousness—an attitude in which one is intently and continually aware of God’s Presence and attention. Christians hear this way of thinking in the 1905 hymn, “His Eye is on the Sparrow.” Combining thoughts from Psalm 32.8 and Matthew (6.26 and 10.29-31), Civilla D. Martin and Charles H. Gabriel wrote a beautiful expression of God’s intense and continuing interest in each creature. “His eye is on the sparrow, and I know He watches me.”

Moving a few centuries back in time, we can find a similar sensibility in the thinking and practice of Jewish Mysticism. In order to develop an awareness of God’s Presence, the Kabbalists developed many techniques—once of which is meditating on the “Shiviti,” a spiritual formulation that begins with “Shiviti Adonai l’negdi tamid / I have set the Lord always before me,” from Psalm 16.8. Whatever life brings, let me look for God’s Presence and God’s possibilities because God is always here. Whether experiencing a blessing or facing a difficulty, how can I make sure that my vision includes the Divine? When we live with God Consciousness, our goal is to find a reaction or response that incorporates an awareness of God—God who is here and with me and paying attention! As our father Jacob learned, “God is in this place…and on us.”

Joining the Heavenly (and Earthly) Chorus

I do not see many church-front message boards around here. Local congregations post their service times, but few have message boards out front where, every week or two, a new and inspiring/infuriating message is posted in big clunky letters. This is not the case in the South where I have spent many years—and where many churches used these signboards as a form of public ministry. I used to look forward to driving around town and seeing what the “sign board ministry” at various churches was adding to the public conversation.

 As I mentioned before, some were infuriating—oversimplifying complex theological issues or misunderstanding Biblical subtleties. I remember one, at a church in Pensacola, Florida, that counseled, “When presented with two evils, choose neither.” Purporting to counter the old adage, “the lesser of two evils,” I think I understood the point. Better to remain morally pure and not engage in any evil. The problem is that most human beings are not afforded such a luxury. When presented with two evils, the real choice is whether to engage or not. If one remains aloof, then something terrible will happen. If one engages and chooses “the lesser of two evils,” then one can decrease the terribleness that will happen. The choice is stark and morally fraught, but is it not better to choose less evil over more evil?  To me, this is a reality that the signboard, in its quest for purity, seemed to misunderstand.

On the other hand, many messages were lovely statements of faith, and some were quite profound. I remember one from a church in Hattiesburg, Mississippi that picked up on a verse from Psalm 19: “The Heavens declare the glory of God. Shouldn’t we join in?” Amen!

It turns out that this idea has some venerable roots. For starters, there is a mystical teaching that alludes to a vibrational “chant” that emanates from Creation itself and that is mentioned in that very same Psalm. In Psalm 19.2-5, we read:

“The heavens declare the glory of God,
The sky proclaims God’s handiwork.
The days themselves repeat the praise;
The nights as well tell this truth.
Though there is no speech nor are there words,
Their voices may not be heard,
But their shout goes out to all the earth
And their words to the end of the world.”

Many mystics—in many religious traditions—work on accessing this vibrational praise. Among the most famous in Judaism was Rebbe Nachman of Breslov, a Hassidic rabbi who lived from 1772 to 1810 in what is now Ukraine. He instructed his disciples to spend hours each day out in nature, listening to natural sounds and trying to perceive in them the voice of the Divine. Here is a meditation taken from Rebbe Nachman’s teachings:

O Lord, grant me the ability to be alone!
May it be my custom to go outdoors each day
among the trees and grass—among all growing things,
and there may I be alone and enter into prayer,
to talk with the One to Whom I belong.
May I express there everything in my heart,
and may all the foliage of the field—
all grasses, trees and plants—awake at my coming,
to send the powers of their life into the words of my prayer. 

May my prayer and speech receive energy
from the life and the spirit of all growing things,
which are made as one by their transcendent Source.
Then, may the words of my heart pour out like water,
O Lord, before You
as I lift up my hands to You and sing.

 In this new series of columns by local clergy, we hope to add to the local conversation by sharing insights and teachings from the religious and spiritual realm. Whether tapping into the energy of the natural world or the wisdom of spiritual seekers, we hope to offer enlightenment and inspiration.